Nursing Pharmacology

Introduction Ciprofloxacin, introduced in the late 1980s, is a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic celebrated for its broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative pathogens and some gram-positive bacteria. Its ability to penetrate diverse tissues, including the lungs, skin, and prostate, has made it a pivotal agent in managing infections ranging from urinary tract infections (UTIs) to bioterrorism-related anthrax exposure. […]

Introduction Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist widely used to treat conditions characterized by excessive stomach acid production, such as peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. By inhibiting histamine action on H2 receptors in the gastric parietal cells, cimetidine reduces gastric acid secretion, promoting healing and symptom relief. Nurses play a crucial

Introduction Cholestyramine is a medication commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia. As a bile acid sequestrant, it binds to bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption and prompting the liver to use more cholesterol to produce bile acids, thus reducing serum cholesterol levels. While effective, cholestyramine requires meticulous management to

Chlorpheniramine is a first-generation antihistamine widely used to manage symptoms associated with allergic reactions, hay fever, and the common cold. By blocking histamine H1 receptors, it effectively reduces symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. However, its anticholinergic properties can lead to side effects like drowsiness, dry mouth, and urinary retention, necessitating

Cetirizine hydrochloride (HCl), commonly known by its brand name Zyrtec, is a second-generation antihistamine widely used to alleviate symptoms of allergic conditions such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and hives (chronic idiopathic urticaria). Its reduced sedative effects compared to first-generation antihistamines make it a preferred choice for many patients. Nurses play a critical role in

Chloral hydrate is a sedative-hypnotic medication primarily used for the short-term management of insomnia and for sedation before medical procedures. Its use requires careful nursing oversight due to its potential for adverse effects, including respiratory depression and dependence. This guide outlines essential nursing considerations and management strategies for chloral hydrate to ensure patient safety and

Introduction Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic commonly prescribed to treat bacterial infections, such as those affecting the skin, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and bones. Nurses are essential in ensuring its safe administration, monitoring for side effects, and educating patients to optimize treatment outcomes. This guide outlines key nursing considerations and management strategies for cephalexin.

Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, is a widely used medication for managing pain and inflammation in conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute pain. As a nurse, understanding the nuances of celecoxib administration, monitoring, and patient education is crucial for ensuring optimal patient outcomes and minimizing risks. This article provides a comprehensive guide for

Introduction Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including those of the respiratory tract, skin, urinary tract, and more. Its broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria makes it a versatile choice in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Nurses play a critical role in ensuring the safe

Introduction Cefprozil is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, particularly those affecting the respiratory tract, skin, and ears. Its broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria makes it a valuable option for community-acquired infections. Nurses play a critical role in ensuring the safe administration of cefprozil, monitoring for